Coalball areas, large deposits of mineralized peat in the coal seam, obstructed longwall mining in the Herrin Coal at Old Ben Mine No. 24. Inmine mapping located coal balls under transitional roof areas where the roof lithology alternates between the Energy Shale and the Anna Shale/Brereton Limestone. Specifically, coal balls occur under ...
A coal ball is a type of concretion, varying in shape from an imperfect sphere to a flatlying, irregular slab. Coal balls were formed in Carboniferous Period swamps and mires, when peat was prevented from being turned into coal by the high amount of calcite surrounding the peat; the calcite caused it to be turned into stone instead.
Benson worked on coal balls, but it was instead to James Lomax, based in nearby Bolton, that Stopes initially turned for a collaborator. Although primarily a businessman (Howell 2005), Lomax had ...
Definition and formation: Coal balls are calcareous masses of fossil peat found in coal beds. They are formed in the original peat before it undergoes coalification (DeMaris and others, 1983; Scott and others, 1996).
Definition. Coal balls are permineralized peat, mainly found in Upper of Europe and North America but also in some Chinese Permian coals. Coal balls are predominantly calcium carbonate which has precipitated in the cell lumina and spaces between the plants within a peat formed in a mire ( Scott and Rex, 1985 ).
A coal ball is a type of concretion, varying in shape from an imperfect sphere to a flatlying, irregular slab. Coal balls were formed in Carboniferous Period swamps and mires, when peat was prevented from being turned into coal by the high amount of calcite surrounding the peat; the calcite caused it to be turned into stone instead. As such, despite not actually being made of coal, the coal ...
Upon oxidization, most of the structures are lost. This is called "pyrite disease" in fossils and is characterized by a moldlike appearance on the cut surface of the coal ball. To prevent destruction, the surface can be coated with a sealant. Coal balls can also be stored in an lowoxygen medium like glycerin or antifreeze.
As a result, the coalball floras of the Westphalian AB from Europe document a short span of time (less than 5 millions years). These floras correspond to the maximum domi nance of lycopod trees with up to 96% of peat biomass (Phillips and Peppers, 1984). An interes ting exception is the new assemblage described from Spain where ...
Introduction. Coal balls were best defined by Seward (1895, p. 85). "In the Coal Measures of England, especially in the neighbourhood of Halifax in Yorkshire, and in South Lancashire, the seams of coal occasionally contain calcareous nodules varying in size from a nut to a man's head, and consisting of about 70% of carbonate of calcium and magnesium, and 30% oxide of iron, sulphide of iron, etc.
From the perspective of Phanerozoic time, coal balls are rare, apparently limited to a 24 interval (323299 Ma) in the Pennsylvanian and earliest within this interval, coal balls occur in many coals. Approximately 82 transgressiveregressive sedimentary cycles have been described for the Midcontinent, Illinois and Appalachian basins of North America during the midtolate ...
Portions of the frond of Neuropteris rarinervis have been identified in coal balls from the Herrin and Springfield coal of the Eastern Interior basin of North America, providing for the first time anatomical details of this well known compression species. Authors: OestryStidd, L L. Publication Date: Jan 01, 1979. Product Type:
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The department of paleobotany, micropaleontology and mineralogy oversees the: 1) Collection of Micropaleontology and Paleobotany, containing over 45,000 macrofossils most identifiable to genus or species and over 50,000 palynological slides and residues; 2) Coal Ball Collection, containing over 18,500 coal ball peels (free and mounted on microscope slides) and over 5,000 kg of cut and
Coal Balls. Millions of years ago, in the interval of geologic time called the Pennsylvanian, the presentday coal seams of the Midwest were layers of peatbeds of water soaked and somewhat rotted plant debris accumulated in thickly forested swamps. Deep burial by layers of sediments during a vast span of time changed almost all the peat into ...
Coal balls (exceptionally preserved calcareous permineralized peat), widely described from tropical Carboniferous Euramerian coal seams, have yielded diverse data on the biology, ontogeny and ecology of swamp plants and ecosystems. Probably over 75% of the swamp taxa may have been preserved, in contrast to probably less then 10% in other ...
![Fossil Focus: Coal swamps PALAEONTOLOGY[online]](/7e5l46j/420.jpg)
Coal balls often form in acidic peats, or when seawater permeates the compressed plant matter. The carbonate forms a hardened ball that resists compression throughout burial, thereby preserving the plant remains in exceptional detail; even cellular details can be retained. Such structures can be studied using a range of techniques.
Coalballs are nodulelike rocks native to coal seams that contain mineralized plant organs or tissues (Zodrow et al., 1996), and are used for studies on coalforming plant species, structural morphology, and coalforming environments (Hilton et al., 2001, Wang et al., 2002, Zhou et al., 2004 ).
Mine index 0834 is the same mine in Kankakee County, mine index 0675 is the same in Grundy County, and in Will County, the mine index is 0359. Kankakee. 31N 9E. SW NW SE. Tipple Mining occurred in Kankakee, Will and Grundy Counties. This mine is atypical in having separate index numbers in the different counties.
Yet although these calcareous masses or "coal balls" have been the source of so much valuable information, little is to be found in the literature, and one gathers also that but little is actually known to scientists about their mode of occurrence and the many interesting phenomena presented by their relation to the beds in which they are ...
Large areas of concentrated coal balls (permineralized peat) up to 4 m thick obstructed longwall mining in the Herrin Coal at the Old Ben No. 24 mine. The largest coal‐ball area mapped contained >1500 m3; several areas contained >400 m3 of coal balls. In‐mine mapping established that there were two types of roof (freshwater and marine), and that the coal balls were spatially correlated ...
The meaning of COAL BALL is a nodule found in coal usually composed of calcite or silica and carbonaceous matter and having fragmentary or microscopic plant remains.
FIGURE Etched surface of coal ball slab prior to flooding the surface with acetone. FIGURE Rolling the acetate sheet into position on the coal ball slab. Bottle contains acetone. FIGURE Removing the peel from the coal ball slab surface. FIGURE Coal ball peel, left, and coal ball slab at right from which it was removed.
Coal balls are calcium carbonate accumulations that permineralized peat in paleotropical PermoCarboniferous (∼320250 Ma) mires. The formation of coal balls has been debated for over a century yet a widely applicable model is lacking. Two observations have been particularly challenging to explain: 1) the narrow temporal occurrence of coal balls and 2) their typical elemental (high Mg) and ...
DOI: / Corpus ID: ; On the Present Distribution and Origin of the Calcareous Concretions in Coal Seams, Known as "Coal Balls" article{StopesOnTP, title={On the Present Distribution and Origin of the Calcareous Concretions in Coal Seams, Known as "Coal Balls"}, author={Marie Charlotte Carmichael Stopes and David Meredith Seares Watson}, journal={Philosophical ...
An axis of Lyginodendron showing continuity of preservation across two adjacent coal balls still set in their coal ball matrix along line BB (Stopes and Watson 1908, Plate 9, Photograph 11).
coal ball: [noun] a nodule found in coal usually composed of calcite or silica and carbonaceous matter and having fragmentary or microscopic plant remains.
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